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The Hayward Fault: Berkeley’s ‘Tectonic Time Bomb’

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Hayward

If you live in Berkeley, you’re probably aware that the UC Berkeley campus is built over the Hayward Fault, the most dangerous earthquake fault in the bay area. The fault is not only at risk of causing an earthquake, also known as “coseismic slip,” but shows its movement through aseismic creep, a very slow shifting of plates resulting in structural damage over a long period of time. The last earthquake on this fault was in 1868, one of the most damaging earthquakes in history. Seismologists predict this fault ruptures roughly every 150 years, meaning the bay is due for a shake in the very near future.

UC Berkeley’s Seismic Action Plan for Facilities Enhancement and Renewal is a campus-wide initiative working since 1997 to retrofit campus buildings that pose risks to the community when faced with an inevitable earthquake. Around 70% of the current buildings on campus have been rated seismically efficient due to construction in the past few decades, and the program has halved the life safety risks to faculty and students. However, few still remain in everyday use despite being deemed poorly constructed.

Tolman Hall, formerly housing the Department of Psychology and Graduate School of Education, was closed to students in 2011 due to a “poor” seismic rating, and permanently evacuated in summer 2018. The demolition process began with a plan to replace the building approved in 2014, and was scheduled for demolition in late 2018, but the massive structure still eerily remained for several months thereafter, a ghost town of sorts compared to the rest of campus.

“My hope is every building on campus will not kill people, but that does not mean every building on campus will be usable again after the next big earthquake,” Earth and Planetary Science Professor Roland Burgmann said.

Reflecting on his extensive research for the Berkeley Seismology Lab on the Hayward Fault’s behavior, in addition to studies of faults worldwide, Burgmann explained that the fault’s creep is steady but not enough to relieve the building pressure that will inevitably cause a major earthquake. His research team utilizes global positioning measurements and satellite technology to identify which parts of the fault deep below the surface have accrued the most tension.

“The key message clearly is that it’s the most urban hazardous fault we know. There’s probably no fault in the world that has as many people, as many hospitals, and universities along its whole extent,” Burgmann said. “It is a fault that in terms of its hazard, from our forecasting estimates, is especially likely to cause one of the next big earthquakes.”

Professor Horst Rademacher teaches the lower division course “Earthquakes in Your Backyard” and has done prominent research regarding seismology worldwide. According to his published walking tour of the Hayward Fault, a tour he also gives to the students in his course, California Memorial Stadium was completely retrofitted in 2010. Although it has only been a decade since this retrofit, slight damage from the fault’s creeping can be observed in the stadium, such as through cracks in the stairwell on the north side of the stadium.

Perhaps the most fascinating aspect of this massive renovation was updating the most seismically-conscious part of the stadium that was constructed at its birth in the early 1920s; the exterior wall of the stadium was split in half. John Galen Howard, the designer of the stadium in the twenties, was aware of the fault’s location, and split the stadium into two distinct halves that were meant to move separately from each other along the fault line in the case of an earthquake. The retrofits just a decade ago added a flexible sealant to this expansion joint to maintain this freedom of movement, though its effectiveness has never been tested in a true quake. Another effect of the fault’s creep is the displacement of Strawberry Creek, which runs through campus; the plate movement causes the stream to run along the fault when the water reaches it, and resume its movement slightly displaced after crossing the fault.

Hearst Memorial Mining Building was one of the most dangerously constructed buildings on campus, and underwent an immense seismic retrofit between 1998 and 2003. In the early 20th century, Berkeley mining students dug a 200-foot-long mining tunnel (some of which still remains today), which was coined the “Lawson Adit” after Berkeley Geologist and former Dean of the College of Mining Andrew Lawson. While some of the adit has deteriorated and collapsed in the last century, and it has been closed to the public after being deemed unsafe, the UC Berkeley seismology lab uses the mining tunnel to monitor seismic activity to this day.

The Haywired Scenario is a study of the potential hazards and effects of this predicted 7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault. Various research groups and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) discuss seismic hazards and how to minimize damage when this slip occurs. According to USGS, the earthquake is expected to be similar in size to the 1868 earthquake, which was around magnitude 6.5, but will have a far longer rupture length. This means the earthquake would travel beyond its epicenter south of Santa Rosa to below Oakland, creating intensive shaking south towards San Jose. In addition to causing extreme destruction due to shaking, earthquakes historically cause the most damage, deaths, and property loss from their resulting fires.

Although no one can predict earthquakes, Burgmann explained that his work in earthquake forecasting examines which parts of the fault are most susceptible to slip, information researchers use to narrow down a window of when the big one might strike.

“If we could just understand it, shouldn’t we be able to predict the earthquake?” Burgmann said. “The problem is, in every single case, we only recognize unusual things happening before an earthquake once the earthquake has already happened.”

While much of the bay area’s infrastructure has been retrofitted since 1868 to withstand even the largest quakes, there is significantly more infrastructure, public transportation, and major road bridges that pose a higher hazard to the community. Additionally, the population of the area has spiked from around 260,000 to 7.15 million individuals. Though there is no way to avoid a potentially devastating earthquake on the Hayward Fault in the future, the Berkeley community can hopefully find comfort in knowing that the campus is seismically efficient overall, due to millions of dollars of investments and years of construction. However, seismologists cannot predict when an earthquake will strike, so the Hayward Fault remains an elusive enemy in Berkeley, creeping along until a final rupture.

“There’s still a lot of things we can and need to learn about earthquakes and faults, so even if that long term question of can we predict earthquakes will never really be accessible, I think there are important things we still need to discover,” Burgmann said. “There’s definitely lots more we can do.”

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The Smart Violinist’s Guide: 7 Essential Tips for Buying Violin Accessories Without Breaking the Bank

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Violinist

Whether you’re a parent supporting your child’s musical journey or an adult picking up the violin for the first time, navigating the world of violin accessories can feel overwhelming. With countless options at every price point, how do you know what’s worth your investment and what’s just clever marketing?

After years of helping musicians find the right gear, I’ve learned that smart accessory shopping is less about spending the most money and more about understanding what truly matters for your playing level and goals. Here’s your practical guide to making informed decisions that will enhance your musical experience without emptying your wallet.

1. Start with the Essentials: Your Foundation Quartet

Before getting dazzled by premium options, focus on these four must-haves that every violinist needs from day one:

  •       A Quality Bow – This is where you should invest early. A good bow can make even a student violin sound significantly better, while a poor bow will frustrate even advanced players. Look for straight, properly weighted bows with genuine horsehair. Expect to spend 20-30% of your violin’s value on a decent bow.
  •       Reliable Rosin – Don’t overthink this one initially. A basic, well-reviewed rosin like Pirastro or Hill will serve you perfectly well for years. Avoid the temptation to buy expensive “professional” rosin until you can actually hear the difference.
  •       A Protective Case – Your violin needs a home that travels. A sturdy case with proper padding is non-negotiable if you’ll be transporting your instrument regularly. Hard cases offer the best protection, while lightweight alternatives work for careful handling. We recommend Great Violin Cases for a protective case.
  •       Spare Strings – Strings break at the worst possible moments. Keep a full set of your preferred strings on hand. For beginners, steel strings like Thomastik-Infeld Dominants offer durability and consistent tone.

2. Know Your Playing Level—It Changes Everything

The biggest mistake new violinists make is buying accessories designed for their aspirations rather than their current abilities. A $200 professional chin rest won’t help if you’re still working on basic bow hold.

  •       Beginners (0-2 years): Focus on durability and comfort over premium materials. You’re building muscle memory and basic technique, so forgiving, reliable accessories serve you best.
  •       Intermediate players (2-5 years): Now you can start investing in quality upgrades that will genuinely improve your playing experience and help you progress faster.
  •       Advanced players: You’ve earned the right to be picky about tonal qualities and subtle performance differences that justify premium pricing.

3. The Case Against Buying Everything in Sets

Music stores love selling “complete accessory packages,” but these bundles often include items you don’t need while skimping on quality where it matters. Instead of buying a pre-made set, build your collection intentionally:

  •       Buy your bow separately and invest in quality
  •       Skip decorative accessories until you know what you actually prefer
  •       Avoid electronic tuners initially—learn to tune by ear first
  •       Hold off on multiple chin rests and shoulder rests until you understand your comfort needs

4. When to Splurge vs. When to Save

Not all accessories deserve the same budget priority. Here’s how to allocate your money for maximum impact:

Worth the Investment:

  •       Bows (the most important purchase after your violin)
  •       Professional setup and adjustments
  •       Quality strings from reputable manufacturers
  •       A sturdy, well-fitting case

Where You Can Save:

  •       Basic rosin (the expensive stuff rarely justifies the cost for non-professionals)
  •       Simple music stands
  •       Basic metronomes  (though modern violin AI tools can provide more comprehensive practice feedback)
  •       Cleaning cloths and polish

5. Try Before You Buy—Especially for Comfort Items

Chin rests and shoulder rests are deeply personal choices that affect your playing posture and comfort. What works for your teacher or favorite YouTube violinist might be completely wrong for your body shape and playing style.

Most violin shops allow you to try different rests, and many offer exchange policies. Don’t be embarrassed to spend time finding the right fit—your neck and shoulders will thank you during those long practice sessions.

6. Research Reviews, But Trust Your Ears

Online reviews provide valuable insights, especially for durability and quality control issues. However, remember that tone preferences are subjective. A string that sounds brilliant on one violin might sound harsh on another.

When possible, ask to demo accessories on your specific instrument. Many shops will let you try strings or bows before purchasing, especially if you’re a regular customer.

7. Build Your Collection Gradually

Resist the urge to buy everything at once. Your needs and preferences will evolve as you improve, and what seems essential today might gather dust tomorrow.

Start with the absolute basics, then add accessories as you identify specific needs in your playing. This approach ensures you’re buying items you’ll actually use while spreading the cost over time.

The Bottom Line: Quality Over Quantity

The violin world is full of gear that promises to transform your playing overnight. In reality, the accessories that make the biggest difference are often the simplest: a bow that feels balanced in your hand, strings that stay in tune, and a case that protects your investment.

Focus on building a foundation of reliable, well-made accessories that support your current playing level. As you progress, you’ll develop the ear and experience to make informed upgrades that truly enhance your musical journey.

Remember, the goal isn’t to own the most expensive accessories—it’s to find the tools that help you play your best and enjoy the process of learning this beautiful instrument. Start smart, upgrade thoughtfully, and let your ears be your guide.

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Some Excellent Home Improvement Ideas For Those Who Enjoy The Great Outdoors Here In Australia.

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caravan shed

There are those of us here in Australia who prefer to stay in hotels and to enjoy the many services that are offered. There are others however and the numbers are growing every year, who want to get out there and discover the beauty of Australia and they do that by investing in such things as a caravan, an RV and if they want to get out there on the ocean, a nice boat. These things cost money but they also need to be stored properly to protect them from the elements and to protect your investment.

This is when a caravan shed becomes an incredibly appropriate purchase because not only can you keep your caravan in there, you can also keep your RV and your boat depending on your needs. Obviously you will need space to erect such a structure but this will end up saving you an incredible amount of time because you don’t have to pay a third-party for storage. Once the shed is installed, the following are some other excellent home improvement ideas that will protect what you have and to allow you to enjoy the great outdoors here in Australia.

Install an alarm system – Boats, RV’s and caravans are what potential thieves are looking for and they can sell them on very easily or use them for parts. If any of these items are sitting in your driveway, this is like a red flag to a bull and an opportunist thief will start taking a lot more interest in your property. This is why it makes perfect sense that you would install a modern alarm system that can monitor the door of the shed as well as everything inside.

Install some extra lighting – This can be beneficial for everything that is in the shed and everything outside around your property as well. Thieves like to operate in dark conditions and if you have additional lighting installed that operates on a switch and a motion sensor, this will light the whole place up like the proverbial Christmas tree if anyone comes onto the property who isn’t invited in the first place.

Attach some GPS tags – These are very affordable things to purchase and you can hide them anywhere on your property but if someone does manage to get past your alarm system and your additional lighting system, the GPS tags will let you know where your property is at any given time. This will help the police to do their job more easily and the hope is that you will recover your property in a very short space of time. You can use an app for your smartphone so that you know if your property has been moved.

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Why Black Wallpaper Is the Boldest Design Move You Can Make Right Now

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Black Wallpaper

White walls are safe. Beige is fine. Gray? Overdone. If you want your space to feel elevated, modern, and a little unexpected—go black. That’s right. Black walls. More specifically, black wallpaper. It’s sleek. It’s edgy. It’s surprisingly versatile. And no—it won’t make your room feel like a cave if you do it right.

Let’s break the myth that black equals dark and depressing. Black is drama. Black is confidence. Black is high design.

Why Choose Wallpaper Over Paint?

Paint can’t compete. Not when you’re going for a rich, layered, designer look. Wallpaper adds more.

  • Texture: From velvet finishes to embossed patterns, black wallpaper gives you dimension. Paint is flat. Wallpaper moves. 
  • Patterns: Go floral, geometric, abstract, or marbled. You’re not stuck with just “matte black.” 
  • Mood: Wallpaper reads intentional. It feels curated. Like you meant to do this—not like you gave up and painted it dark. 

Plus, many designs are peel-and-stick, which means no glue, no damage, no fear. You can test the waters without commitment.

Where Black Wallpaper Works Best

You don’t need to cover every wall in your house. A single accent wall can totally transform a room, but black wallpaper works in more places than you’d think.

1. Home Office

Zoom calls just hit differently with a dramatic black backdrop. Pair it with metallic lighting and minimal furniture. Clean. Crisp. Powerful.

Try a print with subtle lines or a faint sheen. It keeps things interesting without getting distracting.

2. Bedroom

Black in the bedroom doesn’t mean gothic. Think luxe. Think hotel suite. Think high-thread-count sheets and layered textures.

Use black wallpaper behind the headboard for instant drama. Pair it with warm lighting, plush bedding, and natural textures like linen or velvet.

3. Living Room

Want to make your space feel like a design magazine? Go black on one wall. Behind the TV, behind a bookshelf, or as a backdrop to your favorite art.

It makes everything else pop—plants, frames, furniture. Black recedes, so it actually helps highlight your favorite pieces.

4. Entryway or Hallway

Make a statement right away. A black wallpapered entry instantly tells your guests: this house has taste.

Try something patterned or textured. Maybe a moody floral or subtle grid. Add a mirror or bold art for contrast.

What Styles Match with Black Wallpaper?

You’re not locked into one aesthetic. Black wallpaper plays well with almost every design style—as long as you use it intentionally.

Modern Minimalist

Go with solid black or tonal prints. Pair with white furniture. Add natural wood or stone for balance. Keep it clean.

Industrial

Black and concrete? Always a win. Add in exposed pipes, raw wood, and metal fixtures. Use wallpaper with texture—like a worn charcoal finish or faux brick.

Vintage or Art Deco

Go for black with gold accents. Look for wallpaper that features patterns—arches, fans, or dramatic florals. Add velvet furniture and brass lighting. Boom: instant glam.

Scandinavian

Yes, you can go dark and still be Scandi. Use black wallpaper with micro-patterns or organic shapes. Pair with pale woods, white floors, and soft lighting.

Eclectic or Maximalist

Don’t hold back. Go for black with bold patterns—like oversized flowers, birds, or abstract designs. Layer in color with furniture and art. Let your walls be loud.

Light + Black = Balance

Worried about it being “too dark”? It won’t be if you balance it out.

  • Use warm lighting—table lamps, sconces, candles. 
  • Add mirrors to bounce light. 
  • Keep ceilings and trim light-colored. 
  • Go with gloss or satin finishes for a soft reflection. 

Black doesn’t suck up all the light. It shapes it. With the right lighting plan, black wallpaper creates a mood, not gloom.

Black Wallpaper in Small Spaces? Yes, Please.

Small room? Even better. Black can actually make small rooms feel larger and more sophisticated.

It blurs the edges. It softens corners. It hides imperfections.

Try it in:

  • Powder rooms 
  • Laundry rooms 
  • Walk-in closets 
  • Pantry walls 
  • Reading nooks 

It feels like a secret—like a hidden designer moment.

Styling Around Black Wallpaper

You don’t need to change your whole space to work with black. But you should think about contrast and texture.

Try this:

  • Light-colored furniture: white, tan, soft gray 
  • Natural elements: wood, stone, linen, rattan 
  • Bold metallics: brass, chrome, copper 
  • Greenery: plants stand out big time against black 
  • Bright art: neon, abstract, colorful photography 

Black is the canvas. Everything else becomes the art.

Mistakes to Avoid

Even bold design has rules. Here’s what not to do:

  • Don’t wallpaper every wall unless you have lots of natural light. Start with one wall. 
  • Don’t mix too many black tones. A matte wall, shiny furniture, and charcoal floors can clash. Keep finishes consistent. 
  • Don’t skip lighting. Even one wall of black needs strategic lighting. You want contrast, not darkness. 
  • Don’t crowd the space. Let the wall breathe. Too much clutter cancels the effect. 

Why Black Feels So Luxurious

There’s a reason luxury hotels and high-end restaurants use black.

It’s clean. Sophisticated. Timeless. It makes you stop and look. It holds space without shouting.

Black wallpaper creates a sense of intimacy and refinement. Even a simple design feels elevated when the backdrop is black.

Still Nervous? Start Small

If full walls feel too intense, try:

  • Lining the back of a bookshelf 
  • Adding wallpaper to a closet wall 
  • Framing a wallpaper sample as art 
  • Doing half-walls with wainscoting below 
  • Covering a sliding door or cabinet 

Get the vibe without the full commitment. You’ll get addicted fast.

Final Word: Go Bold or Stay Boring

Black isn’t just a trend. It’s a power move. It’s timeless, versatile, and—done right—stunning. The key is balance. The right pattern. The right light. The right accents.

So if your home feels too safe, too soft, too same-old, make a shift.

Go bold. Go deep. Go dramatic.

Explore the full collection of black wallpaper and bring some depth to your design.

You don’t need to knock down walls. You just need to cover them—with style.

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